Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry 2nd Edn

Contents

PREFACE.

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Molecular Vibrations
1.3. Vibrationâ€“Rotation Spectroscopy
1.4. Widths of Bands and Lines in Infrared Spectra
1.5. Quantitative Considerations
1.6. Polarized Radiation
1.7. Raman Spectrometry
1.8. Summary
CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
2.1. Michelson Interferometer
2.2. Generation of an Interferogram
2.3. Effect of Finite Resolution
2.4. Apodization
2.5. Phase Effects
2.6. Effect of Beam Divergence
2.7. Effect of Mirror Misalignment
2.8. Effect of a Poor Mirror Drive
2.9. Rapid-Scan Interferometers
2.10. Step-Scan Interferometers
CHAPTER 3 SAMPLING THE INTERFEROGRAM
3.1. Sampling Frequency
3.2. Aliasing
3.3. Dynamic Range
3.4. Analog-to-Digital Converters
CHAPTER 4 FOURIER TRANSFORMS
4.1. Classical Fourier Transform
4.2. Fast Fourier Transform
4.3. Phase Correction
4.4. Fourier Transform: Pictorial Essay
4.5. Data Systems
CHAPTER 5 TWO-BEAM INTERFEROMETERS
5.1. Michelson-Type Interferometers
5.2. Tilt-Compensated Interferometers
5.3. Refractively Scanned Interferometers
5.4. Polarization Interferometers
5.5. Step-Scan Interferometers
5.6. Stationary Interferometers
5.7. Beamsplitters.
5.8. Lamellar Grating Interferometers
Appendix: Manufacturers of FT-IR Spectrometers
CHAPTER 6 OTHER COMPONENTS OF FT-IR SPECTROMETERS
6.1. Infrared Radiation Sources for Transmission and Reflection Spectrometry
6.2. Detectors
6.3. Optics
6.4. Spectrometer Design
CHAPTER 7 SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO
7.1. Detector Noise
7.2. Trading Rules in FT-IR Spectrometry
7.3. Digitization Noise
7.4. Other Sources of Noise
7.5. Interferometers Versus Grating Spectrometers
CHAPTER 8 PHOTOMETRIC ACCURACY IN FT-IR SPECTROMETRY
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Effect of Spectral Resolution
8.3. Effect of Apodization
8.4. 100% Lines
8.5. Zero Energy Level
8.6. Linearity Between 100% and 0%T
CHAPTER 9 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Beerâ€™s Law
9.3. Spectral Subtraction
9.4. Linear Least-Squares Fitting Methods
9.5. Classical Least Squares
9.6. Inverse Least-Squares Regression
9.7. Principal Component Analysis
9.8. Principal Component Regression
9.9. Partial Least-Squares Regression
9.10. Validation
9.11. Multivariate Curve Resolution
9.12. General Guidelines for Calibration Data Sets
9.13. Neural Networks
CHAPTER 10 DATA PROCESSING
10.1. Baseline Correction
10.2. Interpolation
10.3. Peak Picking
10.4. Spectral Smoothing
10.5. Band Fitting
10.6. Derivatives of Spectra
10.7. Fourier Self-Deconvolution
10.8. Spectral Searching
CHAPTER 11 CONVENTIONAL TRANSMISSION SPECTROMETRY
11.1. Condensed-Phase Samples
11.1.4 Trace Analysis
11.2. Gas- and Vapor-Phase Samples
CHAPTER 12 POLARIZATION
12.1. Plane-Polarized Radiation
12.2. Circular Polarization
12.3. Polarization Modulation
12.4. Applications of Linear Dichroism
12.5. Vibrational Circular Dichroism
CHAPTER 13 SPECULAR REFLECTION
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Fresnel Reflection from Bulk Samples
13.3. Infrared Reflectionâ€“Absorption Spectrometry with Metal Substrates
13.4. IRRAS with Dielectric Substrates
13.5. Transflection
13.6. Summary
CHAPTER 14 MICROSPECTROSCOPY AND IMAGING
14.1. Microsampling with Beam Condensers
14.2. Microscopes
14.3. Diamond Anvil Cells
14.4. Reflection Microscopy
14.5. Hyperspectral FT-IR Imaging
CHAPTER 15 ATTENUATED TOTAL REFLECTION
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Theory
15.3. Practical Considerations
15.4. Accessories for Multiple Internal Reflection
15.5. Single-Reflection Accessories
15.6. Infrared Fibers.
15.7. Summary
CHAPTER 16 DIFFUSE REFLECTION
16.1. Theory of Diffuse Reflection
16.2. Accessories for Diffuse Reflection
16.3. Applications of Mid-Infrared Diffuse Reflection Spectrometry
16.4. Applications of Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflection Spectrometry
16.5. Reference Materials for Diffuse Reflection Spectrometry
CHAPTER 17 EMISSION
17.1. Introduction
17.2. Infrared Emission Spectra of Gases
17.3. Infrared Emission Spectra of Condensed-Phase Samples
17.4. Transient Infrared Emission Spectroscopy
CHAPTER 18 FOURIER TRANSFORM RAMAN SPECTROMETRY
18.1. Introduction
18.2. Instrumentation
18.3. FT Raman Versus CCD Raman Spectrometry
18.4. Applications of FT-Raman Spectrometry
18.5. Summary
CHAPTER 19 TIME-RESOLVED SPECTROMETRY
19.1. Continuous-Scanning Interferometers
19.2. Time-Resolved Measurements Using Step-Scan Interferometers
19.3. Stroboscopic Spectrometry
19.4. Asynchronous Time-Resolved FT-IR Spectrometry
CHAPTER 20 PHOTOACOUSTIC SPECTROMETRY
20.1. Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Gases
20.2. Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Solids with a Rapid-Scanning Interferometer
20.3. Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Solids with a Step-Scan Interferometer
CHAPTER 21 SAMPLE MODULATION SPECTROMETRY WITH A STEP-SCAN INTERFEROMETER
21.1. Dynamic Infrared Linear Dichroism Measured with a Monochromator
21.2. DIRLD Spectrometry with a Step-Scan Fourier Transform Spectrometer
21.3. Two-Dimensional Correlation Plots
21.4. DIRLD Spectrometry with a FT-IR Spectrometery and Digital Signal Processing
21.5. Other Sample Modulation Measurements with Step-Scan Interferometers
CHAPTER 22 ATMOSPHERIC MONITORING
22.1. Extractive Atmospheric Monitoring
22.2. Open-Path Atmospheric Monitoring
CHAPTER 23 COUPLED TECHNIQUES
23.1. Introduction
23.2. Light-Pipe-Based GC/FT-IR Interfaces
23.3. Mobile-Phase Elimination Approaches for GC/FT-IR
23.4. HPLC/FT-IR Interface
23.5. SFC/FT-IR Interface
23.6. TGA/FT-IR
23.7. Other Coupled Techniques
INDEX

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