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Rapid detection of melamine in milk powder by near infrared spectroscopy Chenghui Lu,a Bingren Xiang,a,* Gang Hao,b Jianping Xu,c Zhengwu Wangd and Changyun
Chene
aCenter for Instrumental Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance,
Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, PR China. E-mail: cpuxiang@yahoo.com (B.R. Xiang), lu_chenghui@hotmail.com (C.H. Lu)
bLaboratory of Metabolomics,
Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
cZhongjian Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd,
Zhongshan, Guangzhou, PR China
dBor Luh Food Safety Center, College of Agriculture Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR
China
eDepartment of Chemistry, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, PR China
ABSTRACT:
This paper establishes a novel and rapid method for detecting pure
melamine in milk powder using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy based on least squares-support vector machine (LS-SVM). Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)
was used for the extraction of principal components (PCs). The scores of the first two PCs have been applied as inputs to LS-SVM. Compared to PLS-DA, the performance of LS-
SVM was better, with higher classification accuracy, both 100% for the training and testing set. The detection limit was lower than 1 ppm. Based on the results, it was concluded
that NIR spectroscopy combined with LS-SVM could be used as a rapid and accurate method for detecting pure melamine in milk powder.
Keywords: near infrared spectroscopy, least
squares-support vector machine, melamine, milk powder
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